How does looping (leverage) work?
Looping is a strategy where you stake a navToken, borrow the reserve asset against its floor value, and use those funds to mint more of the navToken. This increases your exposure to the navToken, magnifying both potential gains and losses.Unlike traditional leverage, looping an navToken is free from liquidation risk and interest. Because the protocol only permits you to borrow up to the asset’s floor price, which is mathematically enforced and can never fall, your debt can never exceed the redeemable value of your collateral. Even if the market price drops all the way to the floor, your position remains fully solvent, eliminating the risk of a forced liquidation. Do note, however, that “max looping” your position means that if the market price drops to the floor price, your collateral value would be practially equal to your debt, so the position would have no liquid value. But, becasue you maintain your collateral, the value of your position will still rise with price.
Does my staked ANA still earn prANA when I borrow against it?
Yes. All staked ANA earn prANA at an equal rate, regardless of your debt position. This means that looping your ANA position increases your prANA yield.
Couldn't someone get infinite leverage at the floor price?
Not exactly. The protocol has no limits to how many times you can loop your position. But, in practice, two economic factors limit the amount of leverage you can achieve: price impact, and protocol fees. Buying a navToken always create positive price impact, even if the market price is at the floor. Therefore, all buy prices are technically above the floor, so that spread beween floor price and buy price limits leverage. Similarly, buy fees and borrow fees (both governable) limit realized leverage.Example: Market price and floor price are both $1, and your average buy price is 1.005 after price impact. So 1% (borrow fee) + 0.5% (buy fee) + 0.5% (price impact) = 2% average loss in LTV per loop, or a true LTV of 98%, which equates to 50x leverage.
How does NIRV stay pegged to USDC?
NIRV is a USD stablecoin backed by verifiable, protocol-owned liquidity. Its peg is secured by the fact that the underlying collateral (ANA’s floor) is backed by USDC reserves.When users borrow NIRV, their ANA collateral is locked. That locked ANA cannot be sold until the NIRV loan is repaid, creating a closed loop that ensures NIRV is backed by USDC 1-to-1. In other words, NIRV is effectively wrapped USDC. USDC fully backs the ANA floor, and the ANA floor fully backs NIRV.In essence, NIRV represents tokenized USDC leverage, and becasue this leverage is fully collateralized (and has no oracle risk), it can be fully unwound, or deleveraged, while maintianing constant 1-to-1 backing and solvency.The AVM accepts NIRV as equivalent to USDC when purchasing ANA, so any deviation from the peg on secondary markets creates a risk-free arbitrage loop (Buy discounted NIRV → Mint ANA → Sell ANA for USDC). This loop is always liquid and solvent, which forces the NIRV price back to 1 USDC.